Scientific Sector ICAR/01 Hydraulics
Number of University Credits 3
Educational Goals The course of Maritime Hydraulics is for students of the second degree in Environmental Engineering. The course aims to provide the basics of the hydrodynamics for the solution of problems related to wave mechanics. These elements are fundamental for the analysis of beach erosion and coastal risks near river mouths or estuaries, particularly sensitive and important for the environment preservation. The course presents also elements of the design of coastal protection systems, analyzing the different types and identifying their typical strengths and weaknesses.
Summary of the program WAVE MECHANICS
Regular waves. Basics of wave mechanics. Small amplitude wave theory. Wave reflection, refraction, diffraction and breaking.
Irregular waves. The statistical parameters of irregular waves.
WAVE PREDICTION
Wave climate of a sea area. Estimation of surface winds for wave prediction. Simplified methods for estimating wave conditions. Wave forecasting for deep waters.
ELEMENTS ON STRUCURAL DESIGN
Basics of coastal defense structures. Seawalls and breakwaters design.
Wastewater diffusion into the sea.
Momentum and buoyant jets. Submarine pipes and diffusers. Diffuser design criteria.
Design.
REFRACTION DIAGRAM CONSTRUCTION
Structure in different typological educational activities
|
Educational activities
|
Credits
|
Didactics (hours)
|
Studying (hours)
|
| Theoretical classes |
2
|
16
|
34
|
| Exercises |
0.5
|
8
|
4.5
|
| Laboratory training |
0.5
|
12
|
0.5
|
| Total |
3
|
36
|
39
|
Final examination The final exam of Maritime Hydraulics is composed of:
1) Oral test on the theoretical part of the course.
2) Homework on the refraction diagram construction (optional).
During the classes two written tests (exemptions from the oral test) will be proposed to the students who attend the lessons (on both the theory and exercises). The students that pass these two tests will be successively examined only orally on the homework on the refraction diagram construction (optional). In case of fail of one or more of the exemption tests (also for absence), the students will be examined also with the relating part.
Detailed program of the course WAVE MECHANICS
Wave representation in the time and frequency domain. Classification of waves. Theory of Airy. Wave height, length and period. Wave elevation. Celerity of a wave. Deep, intermediate and shallow waters.
Pressure distribution with the theory of Airy. Orbital wave velocities: deep, intermediate and shallow waters. Esercises of wave mechanics.
Wave group and celerity. Reflection of a wave. Total reflection (clapotis). Standing waves. Reflection caused by a vertical sea-wall and a breakwater; reflection from a bathymetric variation and from bars at the sea bottom. Energy of a wave and energy flux. Shoaling and refraction coefficients. Wave breaking. Breaking wave diagrams of Goda.
Exercises on the wave breaking. Diffraction. Diagrams of Wiegel and Johnson. Exercises on the diffraction. Beaufort wind scale Douglas sea scale. Wind rose. Typical wind data provided by ENAV.
Geographical and effective fetch. Wind direction, velocity and duration. SMB diagram; fetch-limited and duration-limited cases. Significant height and period, wave spectrum and peak period. Tenani method for Refraction diagram construction.
Characteristics of ocean waves: statistical propriety and typical spectra. Types of harbours, port systems access to a port. Typical examples of coastal defense structures. Design of vertical seawalls using the criteria of Goda. Breakwaters. Formula of Hudson and stability number of Hudson. Exercises on the coastal defense structures.
Recommended books 1) Course notes.
2) CERC, Shore Protection Manual.
3) W. Bascom, Waves and beaches, Anchor Science Study Series.
4) Wood, I.R., Bell, R.G., and Wilkinson, D.L., 1993. Ocean disposal of wastewater, World Scientific, Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering, Vol. 8.
5) L. Franco, Manuale di Idraulica Marittima, Ormea.
LIC - Coastal Engineering Laboratory
2184
